Published 2025 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Etna CO2 Soil Flux during 2002-2010 (ECSF2002_2010)

  • 1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
  • 1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Description

The ETNAGAS network comprises 19 monitoring stations distributed across the flanks of Mount Etna, specifically designed for the continuous observation of soil-emitted carbon dioxide (CO₂). Each station is equipped with infrared (IR) sensors for the precise measurement of CO₂ concentrations, along with meteorological sensors that record key environmental parameters including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, and precipitation. These data enable the estimation of CO₂ soil fluxes through the application of the method proposed by Gurrieri and Valenza (1988) (see Methods for details). The ETNAGAS network represents a high-resolution geochemical surveillance system and constitutes an integral component of the national framework for monitoring volcanic gas emissions. Its primary objective is to contribute to the assessment of the volcanic activity state of Mount Etna through systematic and spatially distributed measurements of gaseous emissions.

Methods (English)

The monitoring stations of the ETNAGAS network were entirely developed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Palermo section. These stations are capable of continuously measuring several environmental and geochemical parameters, including soil CO₂ concentration, atmospheric temperature, pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction. Data are acquired at hourly intervals and automatically transmitted to the monitoring center at INGV-Palermo. It should be noted that not all stations are equipped with the full suite of meteorological sensors. CO₂ fluxes from the soil can be derived from the recorded data using the dynamic (or dilution) method described by Gurrieri and Valenza (1988). This method is based on measuring the CO₂ content in a mixture of soil gas and atmospheric air (Cd), obtained using a probe inserted approximately 50 cm into the ground. Soil gases enter the probe through its base and are mixed with ambient air; this mixture is then pumped into an infrared (IR) spectrophotometer, which measures the CO₂ concentration. According to Gurrieri and Valenza, the measured diluted concentration (Cd) is empirically related to the actual soil CO₂ flux (ϕCO₂) through a relationship established under laboratory conditions, across a range of gas permeabilities (0.36–123 mm²) and pumping flow rates (0.4–4.0 L/min) [Camarda et al., 2006a, 2006b]. REFERENCE • Camarda, M., S. Gurrieri, and M. Valenza (2006a), CO2 flux measurements in volcanic areas using the dynamic concentration method: Influence of soil permeability, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B05202, doi:10.1029/2005JB003898. Camarda, M., S. Gurrieri, and M. Valenza (2006b), In situ permeability measurements based on a radial gas advection model: Relationships between soil permeability and diffuse CO2 degassing in volcanic areas, Pure Appl. Geophys., 163(4), 897–914, doi:10.1007/s00024-006-0045-y. • Gurrieri, S., and M. Valenza (1988), Gas transport in natural porous mediums: A method for measuring CO2 flows from the ground in volcanic and geothermal areas, Rend. Soc. Ital. Mineral. Petrol., 43, 1151–1158. • Gurrieri, S., M. Liuzzo, and G. Giudice, (2008), Continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux on Mt. Etna: The 2004–2005 eruption and the role of regional tectonics and volcano tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B09206, doi:10.1029/2007JB005003, 2008. • Liuzzo M., Gurrieri S., Giudice G. & Giuffrida G. (2013) - Ten years of soil CO2 continuous monitoring on Mt. Etna: Exploring the relationship between processes of soil degassing and volcanic activity. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 14, 2886-2899. https://doi. org/10.1002/ggge.20196

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Journal article: 10.1002/ggge.20196 (DOI)